Auxiliary Information "Time-resolved hadronic particle acceleration in the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi"
(H.E.S.S. Collaboration, Science 2022)

Link to the paper: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn0567

Ilustrations (Image Credits: DESY/H.E.S.S., Science Communication Lab)

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Main Text

Figure 1: Significance map T_0 + 1-5 days: [FITS]
Significance Map Days 1-5
Significance map T_0 + 2-4 weeks: [FITS]
Significance Map Weeks 2-4

Figure 2: Gamma-ray light curves of RS Oph:
Light Curve HESS + Fermi-LAT
Jupyter notebook to recreate figure 2: [ipynb]
Associated data files for Fermi and HESS

H.E.S.S. light curve data points:
Time in MJD Width of time bin (days) Energy Flux (erg/cm^2/s) Energy Flux Error (erg/cm^2/s)
59435.865 0.101 1.96e-12 4.6e-13
59436.858 0.111 4.69e-12 5.9e-13
59437.852 0.111 7.8e-12 1.1e-12
59438.868 0.104 7.48e-12 7e-13
59439.852 0.111 4.45e-12 4.7e-13
59458.283 6.541 5.86e-13 1.2e-13

Fermi-LAT light curve data points
Time in MJD Width of time bin (days) Energy Flux (erg/cm^2/s) Energy Flux Error (erg/cm^2/s)
59434.676 0.359 5.31e-10 1.6e-10
59435.393 0.359 4.15e-09 3.6e-10
59435.853 0.101 5.01e-09 6e-10
59436.345 0.391 4.52e-09 3.5e-10
59436.847 0.111 3.47e-09 7.2e-10
59437.343 0.385 3.44e-09 3.3e-10
59437.840 0.111 3.49e-09 5.5e-10
59438.351 0.400 2.43e-09 2.9e-10
59438.856 0.104 1.86e-09 4.6e-10
59439.345 0.384 1.85e-09 2.7e-10
59439.841 0.112 1.6e-09 4.3e-10
59440.637 0.685 9.9e-10 1.7e-10
59441.823 0.500 9.49e-10 1.9e-10
59442.823 0.500 7.74e-10 1.8e-10
59443.823 0.500 9.13e-10 1.9e-10
59445.823 1.500 3.69e-10 9.3e-11
59449.527 2.204 2.71e-10 6.3e-11
59458.273 6.541 1.4e-10 3.2e-11
Figure 3: RS Oph gamma-ray spectra from H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT for nights 1 and 5:
Spectral Energy Distribution Nights 1 and 5
Jupyter notebook to recreate figure 3: [ipynb]
Associated data files for day1 and day5
Also available: day2 , day3 , day4

Night 1:

Instrument Energy (GeV) Energy Flux (erg/cm^2/s) Energy Flux Error (erg/cm^2/s) Upper Limit (erg/cm^-2/s)
Fermi-LAT 0.095 3.22e-10 7.54e-11 -
Fermi-LAT 0.215 7.82e-10 9.4e-11 -
Fermi-LAT 0.489 9.71e-10 1.15e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 1.108 1.3e-09 1.45e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 2.512 1.11e-09 2.44e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 5.696 6.03e-10 2.55e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 12.915 9.04e-10 4.31e-10 -
CT5 124.600 1.23e-11 3.95e-12 -
CT5 176.200 8.7e-12 2.66e-12 -
CT1-4 227.920 5.28e-12 2.45e-12 -
CT1-4 285.339 3.23e-12 1.27e-12 -
CT1-4 877.499 - - 4.98e-13

Night 5:

Instrument Energy (GeV) Energy Flux (erg/cm^2/s) Energy Flux Error (erg/cm^2/s) Upper Limit (erg/cm^-2/s)
Fermi-LAT 0.076 - - 2.24e-10
Fermi-LAT 0.120 - - 1.56e-10
Fermi-LAT 0.189 2.77e-10 1.02e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.300 5.15e-10 9.7e-11 -
Fermi-LAT 0.475 3.95e-10 1.35e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.753 4.57e-10 1.15e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 1.192 3.31e-10 1.51e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 1.888 2.2e-10 1.38e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 4.735 4.89e-10 3.16e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 2.990 - - 3.51e-10
Fermi-LAT 7.499 - - 3.27e-10
CT1-4 245.646 4.93e-12 1.22e-12 -
CT1-4 357.222 3.3e-12 8.6e-13 -
CT1-4 519.477 2.04e-12 8.65e-13 -
CT1-4 700.922 2.29e-12 8.36e-13 -
CT1-4 1019.291 1.3e-12 5.76e-13 -
CT1-4 1721.783 - - 1.27e-12

Supplementary Material

The code used for the modelling is available via github
(Individual files for the modelling code are temporarily linked here: setup.f90 , myparameters.f90 , nonthermal_particles.f90 )

Figure S1:
Atmospheric transparency correction of Crab Nebula observations
Crab flux with atmospheric corrections
Crab Nebula spectrum reference: Aharonian et al. (2006), A&A, 457, 899-915 (Table 6, PL, std cuts)
Norm at 1 TeV: 3.45 ± 0.05 x 10-11 cm-2 s-1 TeV-1 Index: 2.63 ± 0.01

Dataset Transparency Coefficient Flux at 1 TeV (cm^-2s^-1TeV^-1) Error on Flux at 1 TeV (cm^-2s^-1TeV^-1) Spectral Index Error on Spectral Index
Uncorrected CT1-4 0.628 1.451e-11 0.077e-11 2.698 0.069
Corrected CT1-4 0.628 3.36e-11 0.23e-11 2.709 0.069
CT5 mono 0.628 2.94e-11 0.133e-11 2.4754 0.0549
Uncorrected CT1-4 0.781 2.019e-11 0.098e-11 2.548 0.059
Corrected CT1-4 0.781 3.13e-11 0.17e-11 2.585 0.061
CT5 mono 0.781 3.84e-11 0.184e-11 2.5009 0.0579
Uncorrected CT1-4 0.934 2.938e-11 0.095e-11 2.602 0.043
Corrected CT1-4 0.934 3.27e-11 0.10e-11 2.597 0.042
CT5 mono 0.934 3.59e-11 0.141e-11 2.4676 0.0405

Figure S2: Schematic of external shock model
RS Oph Nova graphic

Figure S3: Temporal shock evolution [PDF]
Shock evolution model

Figure S4: Cooling times
Cooling time

Figure S5: Magnetic and photon field evolution [PDF]
Magnetic field and energy density evolution

Figure S6: Particle energy and luminosity evolution [PDF]
Maximum energy and luminosity evolution

Figure S7: Single-zone particle spectra evolution [PDF]
Electron and proton spectra

Figure S8: Nightly inverse Compton spectra [PDF]
Inverse Compton emission model for five nights

Figure S9: Nightly hadronic emission spectra [PDF]
Proton-proton emission model for five nights

Spectral data points for figures S8 and S9 given in the tables below for nights 2-4. For nights 1 and night 5, see table above corresponding to figure 3.

Night 2:

Instrument Energy (GeV) Energy Flux (erg/cm^2/s) Energy Flux Error (erg/cm^2/s) Upper Limit (erg/cm^-2/s)
Fermi-LAT 0.124 - - 7.4e-10
Fermi-LAT 0.166 8.92e-10 1.8e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.222 6.71e-10 1.68e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.298 9.68e-10 1.93e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.398 9.11e-10 1.95e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.533 7.71e-10 2.04e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.713 9.28e-10 2.26e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.954 6.43e-10 2.19e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 1.277 1.12e-09 2.97e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 1.709 8.41e-10 2.94e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 2.286 5.36e-10 2.63e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 3.059 8.5e-10 3.77e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 5.477 5.82e-10 4.12e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 4.093 - - 3e-10
Fermi-LAT 7.329 - - 1.4e-09
Fermi-LAT 9.807 - - 6.98e-10
Fermi-LAT 13.122 - - 2.11e-09
CT5 115.500 3.66e-11 1.56e-11 -
CT5 127.100 1.76e-11 9.28e-12 -
CT5 139.900 2.55e-11 7.99e-12 -
CT5 154.000 1.8e-11 7.22e-12 -
CT5 177.200 1.5e-11 4.17e-12 -
CT5 214.500 9.74e-12 3.66e-12 -
CT1-4 245.646 6.76e-12 1.68e-12 -
CT1-4 357.222 4.06e-12 1.12e-12 -
CT1-4 519.477 1.82e-12 1.06e-12 -
CT1-4 700.922 2.25e-12 1.11e-12 -
CT1-4 1375.312 - - 1.35e-12

Night 3:

Instrument Energy (GeV) Energy Flux (erg/cm^2/s) Energy Flux Error (erg/cm^2/s) Upper Limit (erg/cm^-2/s)
Fermi-LAT 0.124 - - 3.4e-10
Fermi-LAT 0.166 4.13e-10 1.35e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.222 5.28e-10 1.51e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.298 6.78e-10 1.61e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.398 6.93e-10 1.63e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.533 6.21e-10 1.72e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.713 5.23e-10 1.62e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.954 8e-10 2.22e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 1.277 6.17e-10 2.13e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 1.709 5.31e-10 2.34e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 2.286 5.11e-10 2.5e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 3.059 6.29e-10 3.18e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 4.093 - - 7.08e-10
Fermi-LAT 5.477 - - 9.68e-10
Fermi-LAT 7.329 7.06e-10 4.99e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 9.807 9.37e-10 6.61e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 13.122 - - 2.28e-09
Fermi-LAT 17.558 - - 1.14e-09
CT5 122.400 2.21e-11 7.1e-12 -
CT5 146.700 1.64e-11 4.63e-12 -
CT5 177.600 1.85e-11 3.94e-12 -
CT5 215.000 9.17e-12 3.49e-12 -
CT5 260.400 1.26e-11 3.53e-12 -
CT5 315.500 7.23e-12 3.48e-12 -
CT1-4 245.646 1.63e-11 3.19e-12 -
CT1-4 357.222 6.68e-12 1.83e-12 -
CT1-4 519.477 4.81e-12 1.96e-12 -
CT1-4 1183.995 - - 6.9e-13

Night 4:

Instrument Energy (GeV) Energy Flux (erg/cm^2/s) Energy Flux Error (erg/cm^2/s) Upper Limit (erg/cm^-2/s)
Fermi-LAT 0.120 - - 2.56e-10
Fermi-LAT 0.189 - - 2.49e-10
Fermi-LAT 0.300 - - 2.91e-10
Fermi-LAT 0.475 4.92e-10 1.52e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 0.753 4.5e-10 1.13e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 1.192 5.36e-10 2.02e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 1.888 5.15e-10 2.23e-10 -
Fermi-LAT 2.990 - - 6.07e-10
Fermi-LAT 4.735 - - 2.43e-10
CT1-4 211.474 1.09e-11 2.28e-12 -
CT1-4 307.529 5.75e-12 1.2e-12 -
CT1-4 447.214 7.24e-12 1.48e-12 -
CT1-4 650.345 2.59e-12 8.31e-13 -
CT1-4 945.742 1.85e-12 8.9e-13 -
CT1-4 1597.544 - - 6.31e-13

Figure S10: Effect of gamma-gamma attenuation [PDF]
Attenuation due to gamma-gamma absorption

Collaboration Acknowledgement

The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Helmholtz Association, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/IN2P3 and CNRS/INSU), the Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Irish Research Council (IRC) and the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, agreement no. 2021/WK/06, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, the University of Namibia, the National Commission on Research, Science & Technology of Namibia (NCRST), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the Australian Research Council (ARC), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the University of Amsterdam and the Science Committee of Armenia grant 21AG-1C085. We appreciate the excellent work of the technical support staff in Berlin, Zeuthen, Heidelberg, Palaiseau, Paris, Saclay, Tübingen and in Namibia in the construction and operation of the equipment. This work benefited from services provided by the H.E.S.S. Virtual Organisation, supported by the national resource providers of the EGI Federation.